Tuesday, December 24, 2019

President Reagan s Presidential Speech - 941 Words

after his statement on his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair in November of 1986. The data in Table 1 show that President Reagan’s speeches did in fact make him more popular, as more speeches increased his popularity rather than decreased it. Out of the speeches analyzed, seventy-three percent showed an increase in approval ratings, with an average increase of four percent. Upon a closer examination Table 1, it is evident that some of the speeches may be regarded as outliers in comparison with the rest of the data. In order to identify outliers, I looked for speeches with a change in approval of eight percent or greater. Based on Table 1, the four outlier speeches include Reagan’s Space Shuttle speech, the Soviet-U.S. Summit speech, the Iran-Contra address, and the 1986 State of the Union Address. Because the data in Table 1 indicates that Reagan’s speeches had a modest effect of his popularity (in general), I am hesitant to make broad generalizations about w hy certain speeches were able to have a greater effect on his popularity. Eleven out of the fifteen speeches show less than an 8% change in approval ratings, representing a moderate and unexceptional change. Reagan’s speeches may have increased his popularity, but Graph 1 shows that the overall trend in approval ratings fluctuated during his years in the White House. The two speeches that most dramatically effected Reagan’s approval ratings were the Soviet-U.S. Summit speech and the Iran-Contra speech, bothShow MoreRelatedThe Presidential Election Of 1980 Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesTuesday, 4 November 1980, The United States presidential election of 1980 was held. The competition was between incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter and his opponent, former Californian Republican Governor, Ronald Reagan. 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Monday, December 16, 2019

The Return Nightfall Chapter 7 Free Essays

There was a sort of universal gasp. Stefan went white, his compressed lips showing in a tight line. Bonnie felt as if she were choking on words, on explanations, on recriminations about Caroline’s own behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Nightfall Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Elena may have had as many boyfriends as the stars in the sky, but in the end she had given all that up – because she fell in love – not that Caroline would know anything aboutthat . â€Å"Don’t have anything to say now?† Caroline was taunting. â€Å"Can’t find any cute answer? Bat got your tongue?† She began to laugh, but it was forced, glassy laughter, and then words were spilling out of her almost as if uncontrollably, all words that weren’t supposed to be spoken in public. Bonnie had said most of them at one time or another, buthere , andnow , they formed a stream of venomous power. Caroline’s words were building up to some kind of crescendo – something was going to happen – this kind of force couldn’t be contained – Reverberations, Bonnie thought as the sound waves began building up†¦. Glass,her intuition told her.Get away from glass. Stefan just had time to whirl to Meredith and shout,†Get rid of the lamp.† And Meredith, who was not only quick on the uptake but also a baseball pitcher with a 1.75 ERA, snatched it up and threw it at – no, through – – an explosion as the porcelain lamp shattered – – the open window. There was a similar shattering in the bathroom. The mirror had exploded behind the closed door. Then Caroline slapped Elena across the face. It left a bloody smear, which Elena patted tentatively. It also left a white handprint, turning to red. Elena’s expression was one to wring tears from a stone. And then Stefan did what Bonnie considered the most astonishing thing of all. He very gently put Elena down on the floor, kissed her upturned face, and turned to Caroline. He put his hands on her shoulders, not shaking, only holding her still, forcing her to look at him. â€Å"Caroline,† he said, â€Å"stop it.Come back. For the sake of your old friends who care for you, come back. For the sake of the family that loves you, come back. For the sake of your own immortal soul,come back. Come back to us!† Caroline just eyed him belligerently. Stefan half turned aside, toward Meredith, grimacing. â€Å"I’m not really cut out to do this,† he said wryly. â€Å"It’s not any vampire’s forte.† Then he turned toward Elena, his voice tender. â€Å"Love, can you help? Can you help your old friend again?† Already Elena was trying to help, trying to get to Stefan. She had pulled herself up very shakily, first by the rocking chair and then by Bonnie, who tried to help her under the burden of gravity. Elena was as wobbly as a newborn giraffe in roller skates, and Bonnie – almost half a head shorter – was finding her hard to handle. Stefan made a motion as if to help, but Matt was already there, steadying Elena on the other side. Then Stefan had Caroline turned around, and he was holding her, not letting her dart away, forcing her to face Elena fully. Elena, while being held at the waist so that her hands were free, made some curious motions, seeming to draw designs more and more quickly in the air in front of Caroline’s face, at the same time clasping and unclasping her hands with the fingers in different positions. She seemed to know exactly what she was doing. Caroline’s eyes followed the movements of Elena’s hands as if compelled, but it was clear from her snarling that she hated it. Magic, Bonnie thought, fascinated. White Magic. She’s calling on angels, just as surely as Caroline was calling demons. But is she strong enough to pull Caroline out of the darkness? And at last, as if to complete the ceremony, Elena leaned forward and kissed Caroline chastely on the lips. All hell broke loose. Caroline somehow squirmed out of Stefan’s grip and tried to claw Elena’s face with her nails. Objects in the room went sailing through the air, propelled by no human force. Matt tried to grab Caroline’s arm and got a punch in the stomach that doubled him over, followed by a chop to the back of the neck. Stefan let go of Caroline to scoop up Elena and get her and Bonnie out of harm’s way. He seemed to assume that Meredith could take care of herself – and he was right. Caroline swung at Meredith, but Meredith was ready. She grabbed Caroline’s fist and helped her in the direction of the swing. Caroline landed on the bed, twisted, and then rushed Meredith again, this time getting a grip on her hair. Meredith pulled free, leaving a tuft of hair in Caroline’s fingers. Then Meredith got under Caroline’s guard and hit her squarely on the jaw. Caroline collapsed. Bonnie cheered and refused to feel guilty about it. Then, for the first time, as Caroline lay still, Bonnie noticed that Caroline’s fingernails were all there again – long, strong, curved, and perfect, not one of them chipped or broken. Elena’s Power? It must be. What else could have done it? With just a few motions and a kiss, Elena had healed Caroline’s hand. Meredith was massaging her own hand. â€Å"I never realized ithurt so much to knock people out,† she said. â€Å"They never show it in movies. Is it the same for guys?† Matt flushed. â€Å"I†¦uh, I’ve never actually†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It’s the same for everyone, even vampires,† Stefan said briefly. â€Å"Are you all right, Meredith? I mean, Elena could†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No, I’m fine. And Bonnie and I have a job to do.† She nodded at Bonnie, who nodded weakly back. â€Å"Caroline’s our responsibility, and we should have realized why shereally had to come back this last time. She doesn’t have a car. I’ll bet she used that downstairs telephone and tried to get somebody to pick her up, but couldn’t, and then she came upstairs again. So now we have to take her home. Stefan, I’m sorry. It hasn’t been much of a visit.† Stefan looked grim. â€Å"It’s probably as much as Elena could take, anyway,† he said. â€Å"More than I thought she could take, honestly.† Matt said, â€Å"Well, I’m the one with the car, and Caroline is my responsibility, too,† he said. â€Å"I may not be a girl, but I’m a human.† â€Å"Maybe we could come back tomorrow?† Bonnie said. â€Å"Yes, I suppose that would be best,† Stefan said. â€Å"I almost hate to let her go at all,† he added, staring at the unconscious Caroline, his face shadowed. â€Å"I’m afraid for her. Very much afraid.† Bonnie pounced on this. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"I think – well, it may be too early to say, but she seems to be almost possessed by something – but I have no idea what. I think I have to do some serious research.† And there it was again, the ice water dripping down Bonnie’s back. The feeling of how close the frigid ocean of fear was, ready to topple down on her and take her on a swift trip to the bottom. Stefan added, â€Å"But what’s certain is that she was behaving strangely – even for Caroline. And I don’t know whatyou heard when she was cursing, but I heard another voice behind it, prompting her.† He turned to Bonnie. â€Å"Did you?† Bonnie was thinking back. Had there been something – just a whisper – and just a beat before Caroline’s voice came? Less than a beat, and just the faintest of sibilant whispers? â€Å"And what happened here may have made it worse. She called on Hell at a moment when this room was saturated with Power. And Fell’s Church itself is at the crossing of so many ley lines, it isn’t funny. With all that going on – well, I just wish we had a good parapsychologist around.† Bonnie knew they were all thinking of Alaric. â€Å"I’ll try to get him to come,† Meredith said. â€Å"But usually he’s off in Tibet or Timbuktu doing research these days. It’ll take a while even to get a message to him.† â€Å"Thank you.† Stefan looked relieved. â€Å"Like I said, she’s our responsibility,† Meredith said quietly. â€Å"We’re sorry to have brought her,† Bonnie said loudly, rather hoping that something inside Caroline could hear her. They said their good-byes separately to Elena, not sure of what might happen. But she simply smiled at each of them and touched their hands. By good luck or by the grace of something far beyond their understanding, Caroline woke up. She even seemed mostly rational, if a little fuzzy, when the car reached her driveway. Matt helped her out of the car and walked her to the door on his arm, where Caroline’s mother answered the doorbell. She was a mousy, timid, tired-looking woman who did not seem surprised to be receiving her daughter in this state on a late summer afternoon. Matt dropped the girls off at Bonnie’s house, where they spent a night in worried speculation. Bonnie fell asleep with the sound of Caroline’s curses echoing in her head. Dear Diary, Something is going to happen tonight. I can’t talk or write, and I don’t remember how to type on a keyboard very well, but I can send thoughts to Stefan and he can write them down. We don’t have any secrets from each other. So this is my diary now. And†¦ This morning I woke up again. I woke up again! It was still summer outside, and everything was green. The daffodils in the garden are all in bloom. And I had visitors. I didn’t know exactly who they were, but three of them are strong, clear colors. I kissed them so I won’t forget them again. The fourth one was different. I could only see a shattered color, laced with black. I had to use strong words of White Power to keep that one from bringing dark things into Stefan’s room. I’m getting sleepy. I want to be with Stefan and feel him holding me. I love Stefan. I would give up anything to stay with him. He asks me, Even flying? Even flying, to be with him and keep him safe. Even anything, to keep him safe. Even my life. Now I want to go to him. Elena (And Stefan is sorry about writing in Elena’s new diary, but he has to say some things, because someday maybe she will want to read them, to remember. I’ve written down her thoughts in sentences, but they don’t come that way. They come as thought-fragments, I guess. Vampires are used to translating people’s everyday thoughts into coherent sentences, but Elena’s thoughts need more translation than most. Usually she thinks in bright pictures, with a scattered word or two. The â€Å"fourth one† that she talks about is Caroline Forbes. Elena has known Caroline almost since babyhood, I think. What bewilders me is that today Caroline attacked her in almost every way imaginable, and yet when I search Elena’s mind I can’t find any feelings of anger or even any pain. It’s almost frightening to scan a mind like that. The question I’d really like to answer is: What happened to Caroline during the short time she was kidnapped by Klaus and Tyler? And did she do what she did today of her own free will? Does some remnant of Klaus’s hatred still linger like miasma, tainting the air? Or do we have another enemy in Fell’s Church? And most importantly, what do we do about it? Stefan, who is being pulled from the compu. How to cite The Return: Nightfall Chapter 7, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Managing Global Teams-Free Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Literature Review on Challenges Managing Global Teams. Answer: Introduction The objective of this research work is to conduct the research in the field of managing global teams. With globalization and internationalization, organizations have expanded in different parts of the world. Therefore, it is important that organizations must learn the ways to manage the global teams (Govindan Rajendran, 2015). The research work is done for the multinational organizations in Australia that have to manage their business globally. The research would be useful for BHP Billiton which have to manage their operations in different countries. Challenges Managing Global Teams Project Objective Project Scope Literature Review Doh Quigley (2014) argued that in an organizational setting, employees are the most important assets for organizations and therefore, it is important that organizations should provide a culture where employees can work with higher productivity levels. There is a need for multinational organizations to manage global teams but talent is wide spread and the organizations may not be able to get the desired talent. For example, an organization situated in Australia may want to best engineers with adequate technical knowledge and there is a possibility that the engineers are present in India. Therefore, it would make sense for Australian company to get the talent from Indian market. There would be further challenges to manage the employees from different countries. However, it appears that the benefits outweigh the challenges or limitations. It is also important that organizations should have a long-term plan and vision in place to hire and recruit the people from different nationalities. There also exist various cultural and other issues with global workforce; however, it is expected that the stakeholders would manage these issues at individual level and would ensure that the quality of organizations products and services is not compromised (Langley Smallman, 2013). Helms and Mills (2017) highlighted that managers who actually lead global teams are up against stiff challenges. Creating successful work groups is hard enough when everyone is local and people share the same office space. But when team members come from different countries and functional backgrounds and are working in different locations, communication can rapidly deteriorate, misunderstanding can ensue, and cooperation can degenerate into distrust. Therefore, it is important that organizational leaders and managers should have a complete understanding of the issues that can exists with employees. There are three main challenges to manage the global teams. The first and the most important challenge is the cultural challenge. The employees form different cultural backgrounds have different thinking style and it can affect the working of organization as a whole. For example, Australians are more extrovert than Chinese in their work. When a Chinese employee is working with an Australia n employee that Chine employee can feel offensive. Authors argued that the ways to overcome the cultural challenge is cultural training. It is suggested that organizations should have a training academy in place that would ensure that all the employees of the company are provided training about the culture of other countries. This is particularly more important when the organization have to send their employees on International travel (Vinkenburg Jansen, 2014). For example, Amazon may need some specific skills engineers from India to manage their Australia operations. In this case, the employee or the employees coming from India must be trained about the cultural difference between India and Australia. It would help the Indian employee to work without any differences with Australian counterparts. Amazon would want to hire some consultants from outside who can give cultural training to all the employees of the organization. Graham Harvey (2015) argued that it is always difficult to manage the global teams due to the cultural differences between people. In an organizational setting, the critical thinking is an important aspect of learning and development for employees. Benners stages of competence suggest that in the acquisition and development of a skill, a employee passes through five levels of proficiency: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. For an organization in global environment, it is difficult to manage the employees when they are at different level. The continuous improvement in the decision-making skills and critical thinking comes from a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical exposures (Lee Desai, 2014). The Benners stages also suggest that in novice stage, Practice is within a prolonged time period and he/she is unable to use discretionary judgement. Whereas, a proficient employee perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of chopped up parts or aspects. Proficient employees understand a situation as a whole, because they perceive its meaning in terms of long-term goals. It is believed that organizations can also use social networks to manage the global teams. Social networks are a powerful tool for organizations (Opara Eboh, 2017). However, these tools are like a two-way sword. There are various advantages of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, etc. However, organizations must also analyse the risks involved with the use of social networks and likewise the strategy to use the social networks within the organization should be developed. One of the key benefits or the advantages of social media in the contemporary business environment is that it provides a platform where real time communication can happen (Hogan Coote, 2014). Another benefit of social media platforms is that it helps the employees to break the ice among themselves. In an organizational setting, the overall productivity of the organization or department depends on the way different employees work together. The social media platforms and the social media tools helps the emp loyees to interact and freely communicate with other employees (Janis, 2015). Foss Lyngsie (2013) argued that one of the key challenges or the threats of managing global team is the chances of compromise in the productivity levels. Within global teams, different employees can have different perceptions and different expectations from organizations. There are times when the gap between the employees expectation and management perceptions of employees expectations can eventually result in loss of productivity. Therefore, it is important that leaders and managers should focus on critical thinking to overcome the challenges of working in global team. The focus on practice and scholarship helps people to attain a good level of critical thinking. In fact, there can be a transformation in the problem-solving skill with the combination of critical thinking, scholarship, and practice. It is also important that the organizations, leaders and managers must focus on quality while developing the global teams. The report Crossing the Quality Chasm also suggest that it is c ritical that leadership from the private sector, both professional and other leaders and consumer representatives, be involved in all aspects of this effort to ensure its applicability and acceptability to employees and staff members. It would be correct to say that technology would play a critical role to help organizations to achieve their goals and objectives. It is believed that technology can provide a platform where organizations can overcome the challenges associated with global teams. Qian Cao (2013) argued that organizations must also have a plan to manage the structural challenges that can occur with global team. The key thing is that the organizations should have a flexible or flat organizational structure when they have to manage the global teams. With this structure, employee should be able to interact with management and leaders without any difficulty. The availability of management for employees would ensure that employees get a feeling of self-belongingness. It would eventually help the organizations to get the best from people. One of the key challenges to manage the global team is the classical management challenges. Organizations would find it difficult to manage the teams and employees in the global environment. On the other hand, management is easy when the managers have to manage the team that sits in one place. There could be various reasons for mismanagement. One of the key reasons is difference in the time zone. It is obvious that managers of lar ge organizations like BP would find it difficult to manage the employees that work in different time zone. The time when Australian employees would be available may not be best for the employees working in UK. It is believed that these challenges could be overcome with the use of Internet and technology. With Internet, technology and social media platforms, organizations can have a structure of internal portal and these internal portals can be used to host the knowledge sharing sessions. With the social media platforms, different department within the organization can communicate with each other freely. For example, the inventory manage department can put the available inventory on the social group and the sales executives can see that. It would help the sales executives to plan the sales for the upcoming season accordingly. Therefore, it can be said that social media and platforms has the potential to improve the efficiency of the business. The social media platforms would also hel p the employees to get a better understanding of other people in the organization. With this, people should not be worried when they are working together with the people from different cultural backgrounds. Erez Lisak (2013) argued that global teams are different with the virtue of differences in culture, location, geography, demographic, etc. The challenges of the global team can be managed if organizations can manage all the parameters that overcome the differences. The key point is that employees should be able to associate themselves with the organization or brand. There should not exist the differences between the individual objective of employees and the organizational objectives. There is a motivation for organization to go global as there are various advantages to operate in the global environment. With moving the team to global level, organizations are able to get the best from the people. It has helped organizations to strengthen their position in the global market. Therefore, it is important that organizations should look beyond the domestic boundaries to recruit the best talent from the industry. With the above literature review, it can be said that BHP Billiton may face certain challenges to operate in the global world. However, there are ways to overcome these challenges and it would be in best interest of BHP to have strategy in place to manage the global teams. In this era of high competition and with the forces of globalization, it has become extremely difficult for organizations to sustain in the business with local workforce only. The recommended course of action for multinational organizations is to analyze the internal and the external environment before making any decision about managing the global teams. For some of the organizations, internal environment may not support the working in global context. For these organizations, it is important that leaders and managers should first take the steps to improve the internal culture. Once the improvement is seen in the internal culture, organizations can start with the recruitment of best talent form the global community. Reference List Doh, J.P. and Quigley, N.R., 2014. Responsible leadership and stakeholder management: Influence pathways and organizational outcomes.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(3), pp.255-274. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R. and Shokef, E., 2013. Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), pp.330-355. Foss, N.J., Lyngsie, J. and Zahra, S.A., 2013. The role of external knowledge sources and organizational design in the process of opportunity exploitation.Strategic Management Journal,34(12), pp.1453-1471. Govindan, K., Rajendran, S., Sarkis, J. and Murugesan, P., 2015. Multi criteria decision making approaches for green supplier evaluation and selection: a literature review.Journal of Cleaner Production,98, pp.66-83. Graham, J.R., Harvey, C.R. and Puri, M., 2015. Capital allocation and delegation of decision-making authority within firms.Journal of Financial Economics,115(3), pp.449-470. Helms, J.C. and Mills, A.J., 2017. Rules, Sensemaking, Formative Contexts, and Discourse in the Gendering of Organizational Culture?. InInsights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 49-69). Emerald Publishing Limited. Hogan, S.J. and Coote, L.V., 2014. Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1609-1621. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2012). Crossing the quality chasm. The IOM Health Care Quality Initiative. Retrieved from: https://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2001/Crossing-the-Quality-Chasm/Quality%20Chasm%202001%20%20report%20brief.pdf Janis, I.L., 2015. Groupthink: The desperate drive for consensus at any cost.Classics of organization theory, pp.161-168. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. and Van de Ven, A.H., 2013. Process studies of change in organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.1-13. Lee, C.A., Desai, N. and Brethorst, A., 2014, December. A keystone-based virtual organization management system. InCloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 2014 IEEE 6th International Conference on(pp. 727-730). IEEE. Opara, O.U. and Eboh, E.A., 2017. Organization management today: setting the human resource agenda in the globalized competition.International Journal of Development and Management Review,12(1), pp.193-201. Vinkenburg, C.J., Jansen, P.G., Dries, N. and Pepermans, R., 2014. Arena: A critical conceptual framework of top management selection.Group Organization Management,39(1), pp.33-68. Qian, C., Cao, Q. and Takeuchi, R., 2013. Top management team functional diversity and organizational innovation in China: The moderating effects of environment.Strategic Management Journal,34(1), pp.110-120.